1.6.2023, 0:51
Earthwork estimating involves the calculation of the amount and cost of labor, material, equipment, and other factors that are required to complete a construction project. There are several common methods or techniques used in earthwork estimating:
1. Computer-aided Quantity Takeoff (CQTO):
CQTO is a computer-based system that uses aerial photography or digital surface models to calculate quantities for excavation, fill, roadways, embankments, and other features on the job site. The results are then used in an earthwork estimation process.
2. Physical Survey Method:
This method uses physical surveying instruments such as total stations or GPS receivers to collect information about the existing topography at proposed construction sites. Once collected, the data is translated into a digital form which can be used to calculate quantities for excavation and filling.
3. Cross-Section Method:
This method requires surveyors to take cross-sections of the proposed construction sites at regular intervals as if they were being surveyed from all directions. The sections are then analyzed by engineers to determine the necessary cut and fill quantities.
4. Hand Calculation Method:
This technique involves using standard formulas (such as Simpson's Rule or Trapezoidal Rule) to manually calculate excavation and fill volumes based on the data collected through physical surveying methods or CQTO systems.
Regardless of the method chosen, earthwork estimators need to take into account factors such as soil compaction, slope stability, and other environmental considerations before deciding on the cost and quantity of materials needed for a project. By considering these factors, estimators can ensure that projects are completed efficiently and within the proposed budget.
1. Computer-aided Quantity Takeoff (CQTO):
CQTO is a computer-based system that uses aerial photography or digital surface models to calculate quantities for excavation, fill, roadways, embankments, and other features on the job site. The results are then used in an earthwork estimation process.
2. Physical Survey Method:
This method uses physical surveying instruments such as total stations or GPS receivers to collect information about the existing topography at proposed construction sites. Once collected, the data is translated into a digital form which can be used to calculate quantities for excavation and filling.
3. Cross-Section Method:
This method requires surveyors to take cross-sections of the proposed construction sites at regular intervals as if they were being surveyed from all directions. The sections are then analyzed by engineers to determine the necessary cut and fill quantities.
4. Hand Calculation Method:
This technique involves using standard formulas (such as Simpson's Rule or Trapezoidal Rule) to manually calculate excavation and fill volumes based on the data collected through physical surveying methods or CQTO systems.
Regardless of the method chosen, earthwork estimators need to take into account factors such as soil compaction, slope stability, and other environmental considerations before deciding on the cost and quantity of materials needed for a project. By considering these factors, estimators can ensure that projects are completed efficiently and within the proposed budget.
